Advantages in PG Plus 05
1. References from the latest editions of all standard books. (that means some one has solved the MCQ from book and not from memory) and so you can rely on the answer
2. Topic wise and Subject wise arrangement (So you can read one topic and then solve MCQs from there)
Other Features
1. 39 Examinations Covered
2. Questions from 1978
3. Total 17200 Question
Tuesday, December 12, 2006
Monday, December 11, 2006
Few Types of Hernia
abdominal hernia, herniation of omentum, intestine, or some other internal body structure through the abdominal wall; called also ventral h. and laparocele.
acquired hernia, one brought on by lifting or by a strain or other injury.
abdominal hernia, herniation of omentum, intestine, or some other internal body structure through the abdominal wall; called also ventral h. and laparocele.
acquired hernia, one brought on by lifting or by a strain or other injury.
hernia adipo¢sa, fat h.
axial hiatal hernia, sliding hiatal h.
Barth's hernia, hernia of loops of intestine between the serosa of the abdominal wall and that of a persistent vitelline duct.
Béclard's hernia, femoral hernia through the saphenous opening.
Birkett's hernia, synovial h.
Bochdalek's hernia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia due to failure of closure of the pleuroperitoneal hiatus (foramen of Bochdalek).
cecal hernia, an intestinal hernia containing all or part of the ce*****.
cerebral hernia, hernia ce¢rebri, protrusion of the brain substance through the skull, through either a cranium bifidum, the foramen magnum, or the tentorial notch. See encephalocele and see tonsillar herniation and transtentorial herniation, under herniation.
Cloquet's hernia, pectineal h.
complete hernia, one in which the sac and its contents have passed through the defect.
concealed hernia, hernia not perceptible on palpation.
congenital hernia, that which exists at birth, most commonly scrotal or umbilical.
Cooper's hernia, a femoral hernia with additional tracts into the scrotum, toward the labium majus, and toward the obturator foramen.
crural hernia, femoral h.
diaphragmatic hernia, herniation of the abdominal or retroperitoneal structures into the thorax.
diaphragmatic hernia, congenital, congenital protrusion of the abdominal viscera into the thorax through an opening resulting from defective development of the pleuroperitoneal membrane, most often incomplete closure of the pleuroperitoneal hiatus (foramen of Bochdalek); it often leads to fatal pulmonary hypoplasia.
direct hernia, direct inguinal hernia, see inguinal h.
diverticular hernia, Littre's h.
dry hernia, a hernia in which the sac and its contents have become intimately adherent to each other.
duodenojejunal hernia, Treitz's h.
encysted hernia, scrotal or oblique inguinal hernia in which the bowel, enveloped in its own proper sac, passes into the tunica vaginalis in such a way that the bowel has three coverings of peritoneum; called also Hey's h.
epigastric hernia, an abdominal hernia through the linea alba above the navel.
external hernia, indirect inguinal hernia; see inguinal h.
extrasaccular hernia, sliding h.
fat hernia, hernial protrusion of properitoneal fat through the abdominal wall; called also h. adiposa.
femoral hernia, hernia of a loop of intestine into the femoral canal. Called also crural h. and femorocele.
foraminal hernia, hernia through the epiploic foramen.
gastroesophageal hernia, paraesophageal h.
Grynfeltt hernia, lumbar hernia through Lesshaft's space (Grynfeltt's triangle).
Hesselbach's hernia, hernia of a loop of intestine through the cribriform fascia.
Hey's hernia, encysted h.
hiatal hernia, hiatus hernia, herniation of an abdominal organ, usually the stomach, through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm. It occurs in two major anatomic patterns: the sliding hiatal h. (type I), which is the more common type, and the paraesophageal h. (type II).
Holthouse's hernia, an inguinal hernia which has turned outward into the groin.
incarcerated hernia, hernia of intestine that cannot be returned or reduced by manipulation; it may or may not become strangulated. Called also irreducible h.
incisional hernia, an abdominal hernia at the site of a previously made incision.
incomplete hernia, one which has not passed entirely through the defect.
indirect hernia, indirect inguinal hernia, see inguinal h.
infantile hernia, oblique inguinal hernia behind the funicular process of the peritoneum.
inguinal hernia, hernia of an intestinal loop into the inguinal canal. An indirect inguinal hernia (external or oblique hernia) leaves the abdomen through the deep inguinal ring, and passes down obliquely through the inguinal canal, lateral to the inferior epigastric artery. A direct inguinal hernia (internal hernia) emerges between the inferior epigastric artery and the edge of the rectus muscle.
inguinocrural hernia, inguinofemoral hernia, a combined inguinal and femoral hernia.
inguinoproperitoneal hernia, hernia that is partly inguinal and partly properitoneal; called also Krönlein's h.
inguinosuperficial hernia, interstitial hernia which passes through the internal inguinal ring, the inguinal canal, and the external inguinal ring, but at this point is deflected upward and outward so as to lie upon the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle.
intermuscular hernia, an interstitial hernia which lies between one or another of the fascial or muscular planes of the abdomen.
internal hernia, direct inguinal hernia; see inguinal h.
interparietal hernia, intermuscular h.
intersigmoid hernia, hernia of the intestine through the intersigmoid fossa.
interstitial hernia, an intestinal hernia in which a loop lies between two layers of the abdominal wall.
intra-abdominal hernia, intraperitoneal hernia, a congenital anomaly of intestinal positioning, occurring within the abdomen, in which a portion of bowel protrudes through a defect in the peritoneum or, as a result of abnormal rotation of the intestine during embryonic development, becomes trapped in a sac of peritoneum.
hernia of the iris, protrusion of a part of the iris.
irreducible hernia, incarcerated h.
ischiatic hernia, sciatic h.
ischiorectal hernia, perineal h.
Krönlein's hernia, inguinoproperitoneal h.
labial hernia, herniation of intestine into a labium majus.
labial hernia, posterior, vaginolabial h.
Laugier's hernia, a femoral hernia perforating Gimbernat's ligament.
levator hernia, pudendal h.
Littre's hernia, protrusion of a Meckel's diverticulum; called also diverticular h.
lumbar hernia, herniation of omentum or intestine in the lumbar region, through Lesshaft's space (Grynfeltt hernia) or the trigonum lumbale (Petit's hernia).
mesenteric hernia, herniation of intestine through an opening in the mesentery.
mesentericoparietal hernia, mesocolic h.
mesocolic hernia, an intra-abdominal hernia in which the small intestine rotates incompletely during development and becomes trapped within the mesentery of the colon. Called also paraduodenal h.
Morgagni's hernia, congenital retrosternal diaphragmatic hernia, with extrusion of tissue into the thorax through the foramen of Morgagni.
oblique hernia, indirect inguinal hernia; see inguinal h.
obturator hernia, herniation of intestine or other abdominal organs through the obturator foramen.
omental hernia, an abdominal hernia containing omentum.
ovarian hernia, hernial protrusion of an ovary.
pantaloon hernia, inguinal hernia in which there are both direct and indirect hernial sacs.
paraduodenal hernia, mesocolic h.
paraesophageal hernia, hiatal hernia in which part or almost all of the stomach protrudes through the hiatus into the thorax to the left of the esophagus, with the gastroesophageal junction remaining in place. Called also type II hiatal hernia.
parahiatal hernia, paraesophageal h.
paraperitoneal hernia, hernia of the bladder in which only a part of the protruded bladder is covered by the peritoneum of the sac.
parasaccular hernia, sliding h.
parietal hernia, Richter's h.
pectineal hernia, a type of femoral hernia that enters the femoral canal and then perforates the aponeurosis of the pectineus muscle; called also Cloquet's h.
perineal hernia, protrusion of abdominal viscera into the perineum.
Petit's hernia, lumbar hernia through the trigonum lumbale (Petit's triangle).
prevascular hernia, a hernia in the femoral sheath, anterior to the femoral vessels.
properitoneal hernia, an interstitial hernia which is located between the parietal peritoneum and the transversalis fascia.
pudendal hernia, herniation of intestine into the pudendum, having passed through a rent in the levator muscle and its fascia; called also levator h.
pulsion hernia, a hernia produced by sudden increase of intra-abdominal pressure.
rectovaginal hernia, rectocele.
reducible hernia, one that may be returned by manipulation.
retrocecal hernia, protrusion of the intestine into a pouch behind the ce*****; called also Rieux's h.
retrograde hernia, herniation of two loops of intestine, the portion of intestine between the two loops lying within the abdominal cavity. Called also w h.
retroperitoneal hernia, Treitz's h.
retrovascular hernia, a femoral hernia that passes within the femoral sheath but exits posterior to the femoral vessels; called also Serafini's h.
Richter's hernia, an incarcerated or strangulated hernia in which only a portion of the circumference of the bowel wall is involved; called also parietal h.
Rieux's hernia, retrocecal h.
Rokitansky's hernia, protrusion of a sac of mucous membrane or of the peritoneum through separated muscular fibers of the intestine.
rolling hernia, paraesophageal h.
sciatic hernia, hernia through the greater or lesser sciatic foramen. Called also ischiatic h. and ischiocele.
scrotal hernia, an inguinal hernia which has descended into the scrotum.
Serafini's hernia, retrovascular h.
sliding hernia, hernia of the ce***** (on the right) or the sigmoid colon (on the left) in which the intestinal wall forms a portion of the hernial sac, the remainder of the sac being formed by the parietal peritoneum. Called also slip h. or slipped h.
sliding hiatal hernia, hiatal hernia in which the upper stomach and the cardioesophageal junction protrude upward into the posterior mediastinum; the protrusion, which may be fixed or intermittent, is partially covered by a peritoneal sac. Called also axial hiatal h. and type I hiatal h.
slip hernia, slipped hernia, sliding h.
spigelian hernia, abdominal hernia through the linea semilunaris.
strangulated hernia, an incarcerated hernia that is so tightly constricted as to compromise the blood supply of the contents of the hernial sac, leading to gangrene.
synovial hernia, protrusion of the inner lining membrane through the stratum fibrosum of a joint capsule; called also Birkett's h.
tonsillar hernia, tonsillar herniation.
Treitz's hernia, hernia of the intestine through the superior duodenal recess; called also duodenojejunal h. and retroperitoneal h.
umbilical hernia, a type of abdominal hernia in which part of the intestine protrudes at the umbilicus and is covered with skin and subcutaneous tissue; cf. omphalocele. Called also exomphalos and exumbilication.
hernia u¢teri inguina¢lis, a common type of persistent müllerian duct syndrome.
uterine hernia, hernial protrusion of the uterus.
vaginal hernia, hernia into the vagina; called also colpocele and vaginocele.
vaginal hernia, posterior, downward protrusion of the pouch of Douglas, with its intestinal contents, between the posterior vaginal wall and the rectum; called also enterocele.
vaginolabial hernia, hernia of a viscus into the posterior end of the labium majus.
Velpeau's hernia, femoral hernia in front of the femoral vessels.
ventral hernia, abdominal h.
vesical hernia, protrusion of the bladder.
w hernia, retrograde h.
acquired hernia, one brought on by lifting or by a strain or other injury.
abdominal hernia, herniation of omentum, intestine, or some other internal body structure through the abdominal wall; called also ventral h. and laparocele.
acquired hernia, one brought on by lifting or by a strain or other injury.
hernia adipo¢sa, fat h.
axial hiatal hernia, sliding hiatal h.
Barth's hernia, hernia of loops of intestine between the serosa of the abdominal wall and that of a persistent vitelline duct.
Béclard's hernia, femoral hernia through the saphenous opening.
Birkett's hernia, synovial h.
Bochdalek's hernia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia due to failure of closure of the pleuroperitoneal hiatus (foramen of Bochdalek).
cecal hernia, an intestinal hernia containing all or part of the ce*****.
cerebral hernia, hernia ce¢rebri, protrusion of the brain substance through the skull, through either a cranium bifidum, the foramen magnum, or the tentorial notch. See encephalocele and see tonsillar herniation and transtentorial herniation, under herniation.
Cloquet's hernia, pectineal h.
complete hernia, one in which the sac and its contents have passed through the defect.
concealed hernia, hernia not perceptible on palpation.
congenital hernia, that which exists at birth, most commonly scrotal or umbilical.
Cooper's hernia, a femoral hernia with additional tracts into the scrotum, toward the labium majus, and toward the obturator foramen.
crural hernia, femoral h.
diaphragmatic hernia, herniation of the abdominal or retroperitoneal structures into the thorax.
diaphragmatic hernia, congenital, congenital protrusion of the abdominal viscera into the thorax through an opening resulting from defective development of the pleuroperitoneal membrane, most often incomplete closure of the pleuroperitoneal hiatus (foramen of Bochdalek); it often leads to fatal pulmonary hypoplasia.
direct hernia, direct inguinal hernia, see inguinal h.
diverticular hernia, Littre's h.
dry hernia, a hernia in which the sac and its contents have become intimately adherent to each other.
duodenojejunal hernia, Treitz's h.
encysted hernia, scrotal or oblique inguinal hernia in which the bowel, enveloped in its own proper sac, passes into the tunica vaginalis in such a way that the bowel has three coverings of peritoneum; called also Hey's h.
epigastric hernia, an abdominal hernia through the linea alba above the navel.
external hernia, indirect inguinal hernia; see inguinal h.
extrasaccular hernia, sliding h.
fat hernia, hernial protrusion of properitoneal fat through the abdominal wall; called also h. adiposa.
femoral hernia, hernia of a loop of intestine into the femoral canal. Called also crural h. and femorocele.
foraminal hernia, hernia through the epiploic foramen.
gastroesophageal hernia, paraesophageal h.
Grynfeltt hernia, lumbar hernia through Lesshaft's space (Grynfeltt's triangle).
Hesselbach's hernia, hernia of a loop of intestine through the cribriform fascia.
Hey's hernia, encysted h.
hiatal hernia, hiatus hernia, herniation of an abdominal organ, usually the stomach, through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm. It occurs in two major anatomic patterns: the sliding hiatal h. (type I), which is the more common type, and the paraesophageal h. (type II).
Holthouse's hernia, an inguinal hernia which has turned outward into the groin.
incarcerated hernia, hernia of intestine that cannot be returned or reduced by manipulation; it may or may not become strangulated. Called also irreducible h.
incisional hernia, an abdominal hernia at the site of a previously made incision.
incomplete hernia, one which has not passed entirely through the defect.
indirect hernia, indirect inguinal hernia, see inguinal h.
infantile hernia, oblique inguinal hernia behind the funicular process of the peritoneum.
inguinal hernia, hernia of an intestinal loop into the inguinal canal. An indirect inguinal hernia (external or oblique hernia) leaves the abdomen through the deep inguinal ring, and passes down obliquely through the inguinal canal, lateral to the inferior epigastric artery. A direct inguinal hernia (internal hernia) emerges between the inferior epigastric artery and the edge of the rectus muscle.
inguinocrural hernia, inguinofemoral hernia, a combined inguinal and femoral hernia.
inguinoproperitoneal hernia, hernia that is partly inguinal and partly properitoneal; called also Krönlein's h.
inguinosuperficial hernia, interstitial hernia which passes through the internal inguinal ring, the inguinal canal, and the external inguinal ring, but at this point is deflected upward and outward so as to lie upon the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle.
intermuscular hernia, an interstitial hernia which lies between one or another of the fascial or muscular planes of the abdomen.
internal hernia, direct inguinal hernia; see inguinal h.
interparietal hernia, intermuscular h.
intersigmoid hernia, hernia of the intestine through the intersigmoid fossa.
interstitial hernia, an intestinal hernia in which a loop lies between two layers of the abdominal wall.
intra-abdominal hernia, intraperitoneal hernia, a congenital anomaly of intestinal positioning, occurring within the abdomen, in which a portion of bowel protrudes through a defect in the peritoneum or, as a result of abnormal rotation of the intestine during embryonic development, becomes trapped in a sac of peritoneum.
hernia of the iris, protrusion of a part of the iris.
irreducible hernia, incarcerated h.
ischiatic hernia, sciatic h.
ischiorectal hernia, perineal h.
Krönlein's hernia, inguinoproperitoneal h.
labial hernia, herniation of intestine into a labium majus.
labial hernia, posterior, vaginolabial h.
Laugier's hernia, a femoral hernia perforating Gimbernat's ligament.
levator hernia, pudendal h.
Littre's hernia, protrusion of a Meckel's diverticulum; called also diverticular h.
lumbar hernia, herniation of omentum or intestine in the lumbar region, through Lesshaft's space (Grynfeltt hernia) or the trigonum lumbale (Petit's hernia).
mesenteric hernia, herniation of intestine through an opening in the mesentery.
mesentericoparietal hernia, mesocolic h.
mesocolic hernia, an intra-abdominal hernia in which the small intestine rotates incompletely during development and becomes trapped within the mesentery of the colon. Called also paraduodenal h.
Morgagni's hernia, congenital retrosternal diaphragmatic hernia, with extrusion of tissue into the thorax through the foramen of Morgagni.
oblique hernia, indirect inguinal hernia; see inguinal h.
obturator hernia, herniation of intestine or other abdominal organs through the obturator foramen.
omental hernia, an abdominal hernia containing omentum.
ovarian hernia, hernial protrusion of an ovary.
pantaloon hernia, inguinal hernia in which there are both direct and indirect hernial sacs.
paraduodenal hernia, mesocolic h.
paraesophageal hernia, hiatal hernia in which part or almost all of the stomach protrudes through the hiatus into the thorax to the left of the esophagus, with the gastroesophageal junction remaining in place. Called also type II hiatal hernia.
parahiatal hernia, paraesophageal h.
paraperitoneal hernia, hernia of the bladder in which only a part of the protruded bladder is covered by the peritoneum of the sac.
parasaccular hernia, sliding h.
parietal hernia, Richter's h.
pectineal hernia, a type of femoral hernia that enters the femoral canal and then perforates the aponeurosis of the pectineus muscle; called also Cloquet's h.
perineal hernia, protrusion of abdominal viscera into the perineum.
Petit's hernia, lumbar hernia through the trigonum lumbale (Petit's triangle).
prevascular hernia, a hernia in the femoral sheath, anterior to the femoral vessels.
properitoneal hernia, an interstitial hernia which is located between the parietal peritoneum and the transversalis fascia.
pudendal hernia, herniation of intestine into the pudendum, having passed through a rent in the levator muscle and its fascia; called also levator h.
pulsion hernia, a hernia produced by sudden increase of intra-abdominal pressure.
rectovaginal hernia, rectocele.
reducible hernia, one that may be returned by manipulation.
retrocecal hernia, protrusion of the intestine into a pouch behind the ce*****; called also Rieux's h.
retrograde hernia, herniation of two loops of intestine, the portion of intestine between the two loops lying within the abdominal cavity. Called also w h.
retroperitoneal hernia, Treitz's h.
retrovascular hernia, a femoral hernia that passes within the femoral sheath but exits posterior to the femoral vessels; called also Serafini's h.
Richter's hernia, an incarcerated or strangulated hernia in which only a portion of the circumference of the bowel wall is involved; called also parietal h.
Rieux's hernia, retrocecal h.
Rokitansky's hernia, protrusion of a sac of mucous membrane or of the peritoneum through separated muscular fibers of the intestine.
rolling hernia, paraesophageal h.
sciatic hernia, hernia through the greater or lesser sciatic foramen. Called also ischiatic h. and ischiocele.
scrotal hernia, an inguinal hernia which has descended into the scrotum.
Serafini's hernia, retrovascular h.
sliding hernia, hernia of the ce***** (on the right) or the sigmoid colon (on the left) in which the intestinal wall forms a portion of the hernial sac, the remainder of the sac being formed by the parietal peritoneum. Called also slip h. or slipped h.
sliding hiatal hernia, hiatal hernia in which the upper stomach and the cardioesophageal junction protrude upward into the posterior mediastinum; the protrusion, which may be fixed or intermittent, is partially covered by a peritoneal sac. Called also axial hiatal h. and type I hiatal h.
slip hernia, slipped hernia, sliding h.
spigelian hernia, abdominal hernia through the linea semilunaris.
strangulated hernia, an incarcerated hernia that is so tightly constricted as to compromise the blood supply of the contents of the hernial sac, leading to gangrene.
synovial hernia, protrusion of the inner lining membrane through the stratum fibrosum of a joint capsule; called also Birkett's h.
tonsillar hernia, tonsillar herniation.
Treitz's hernia, hernia of the intestine through the superior duodenal recess; called also duodenojejunal h. and retroperitoneal h.
umbilical hernia, a type of abdominal hernia in which part of the intestine protrudes at the umbilicus and is covered with skin and subcutaneous tissue; cf. omphalocele. Called also exomphalos and exumbilication.
hernia u¢teri inguina¢lis, a common type of persistent müllerian duct syndrome.
uterine hernia, hernial protrusion of the uterus.
vaginal hernia, hernia into the vagina; called also colpocele and vaginocele.
vaginal hernia, posterior, downward protrusion of the pouch of Douglas, with its intestinal contents, between the posterior vaginal wall and the rectum; called also enterocele.
vaginolabial hernia, hernia of a viscus into the posterior end of the labium majus.
Velpeau's hernia, femoral hernia in front of the femoral vessels.
ventral hernia, abdominal h.
vesical hernia, protrusion of the bladder.
w hernia, retrograde h.
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Note: This is a third party advertisement issued free for aspiring Medicos.... and Nellaimedicos.com has no relationship or affiliation with the this party... Please contact them directly.
We are a leading management consultants from Bangalore, We arrange MBBS seats, BDS seats fo the needy candidates. We have good tie up with lots of institutions here in and around Bangalore. If any of your friend or relative is looking for a seat in any of the courses, do contact us immediately. See all details in our website at: www.goldensingapore.com. We can arrange seats for higher studies also in any field of medicine. We can arrange seats for foreigners as well as NRIs.Interested people can also chat with us, our yahoo id - itgijo(itgijo@yahoo.com)
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e-mail: cheznous@mail.com Contact persons: Gijo/Ravishankar Nag
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Saturday, November 25, 2006
Employed in More than One Medical College
From http://mciindia.org/tools/prelease/Doctors_Dabarred.htm
(The Site URL tells everything)
(The Site URL tells everything)
LIST OF TEACHERS CLAIMING EMPLOYMENT AS MEDICAL TEACHERS IN MORE THAN ONE MEDICAL COLLEGE AND WHOSE NAMES HAVE BEEN REMOVED TEMPORARILY FROM INDIAN MEDICAL REGISTER
MEDICAL COUNCIL OF INDIA
Aiwan-E-Galib Marg, Kotla Road,
Opp. Mata Sundari College (for Women), Near ITO
New Delhi-110002
Aiwan-E-Galib Marg, Kotla Road,
Opp. Mata Sundari College (for Women), Near ITO
New Delhi-110002
Over a period of last 1-2 years by considering the inspection reports of various medical colleges seeking permissions/renewals under Section 10A of the Act, it was felt and observed that a large number of doctors are claiming employment as medical teachers in more than one medical college at the same time. It was being observed that the names of the doctors shown as medical teachers in a particular medical college were getting repeated in the inspection reports of certain other medical colleges, in the same proximity of time.
Apparently, the medical colleges and the medical teachers were indulging in such activities only to show to the inspection team of the Council that the colleges concerned are fulfilling the minimum requirement for the teaching staff for seeking permissions/renewals under Section 10A of the Act.
The Council, therefore, to curb such unscrupulous tendencies, started adopting methods in this regard. Declaration forms were introduced to be signed by the doctors claiming employment as medical teachers in any given medical college and that they also remain present along with their declaration forms, at the time of the conduct of the inspection of that college.
Subsequently, a provision for endorsement by the Dean/Principal of the medical college was also introduced in the declaration forms to make this requirement more efficient and effective by stating that in the event of any declaration made by a particular medical teacher turns out to be untrue and incorrect, the Dean/Principal of the college putting signatures as endorsement of the truthfulness of the statement made in the declaration would also be held responsible in that event.
Needless to state that the Council has always tried to improve in this regard for ensuring that such misdeclarations / misstatements are completely eliminated or minimized to the extent possible with the clear perception that the Council should take appropriate action against such erring doctors whenever it is found that the particular doctor has furnished more than one declaration forms towards claiming teaching employment in any medical college when such a doctor has already furnished similar declaration for claiming employment as medical teacher in certain other medical colleges at the same point of time.
This problem has engaged attention of the Council continuously during the last 1-2 years. The cases have also been considered by the Ethics Committee of the Council. Whenever it has been found that a particular doctor is claiming employment as medical teacher at the same point of time in more than one medical colleges, show cause notices had been issued seeking their replies. They were given due opportunities to present their explanation before the Ethics Committee.
At its meeting held on 12.10.2004, before the General Body, cases of such misdeclarations and misstatement by the medical teachers have been placed for consideration. The Ethics Committee of the Council, after granting opportunity of being heard to all of these doctors, has recommended imposition of punishment of removal of their names from the Indian Medical Register maintained by the Council.
This issue was considered by the General Body of the Council with all required seriousness. Undoubtedly, such kind of misconduct is much more serious than the alleged negligence in cases of treating the patients by doctors. Such misdeclarations/ misstatements are made to cause deception not only to the Council but also on the Central Govt. for extracting permissions/renewals under Section 10A of the Act.
The worst part is that ultimately it is those innocent students who get admissions in such medical colleges where the minimum required medical teachers are shown only in such a dubious manner, causes irreparable prejudice to the fair interests of those students and further also to the patients who may be treated by such half-baked students who would not get their exposure and training with the minimum required number of medical teachers available to them.
The General Body was clearly of the view that such a tendency has to be completely eliminated and not only curbed. The situation does not brook any lenience in this regard and deserves to be dealt with a heavy hand. No doctor should ever be allowed to make such false declaration and get away with it. Timely efficient action in this regard is the need of the hour. It should also act as an effective deterrent so that others who are getting tempted to indulge into such activities should feel reluctant to do so.
The Council, therefore, without any ambiguity unanimously decided as under:-
The names of the following teachers be erased temporarily upto 31st July, 2007.
He/She will not be eligible to be counted as a teacher at the inspections to be carried out by MCI for the academic years 2005-06 and 2006-07.
The names of all such teachers be published on the website and a circular be sent to all the Directors of Medical Education of all the States, all the Universities and all the Medical Colleges/Institutions.
It was further decided that in case of non-medical teachers who is not possessing a medical degree or a registration certificate, he/she will not be eligible to be counted as a teacher at the inspections to be carried out by MCI for the academic years 2005-06 and 2006-07.
The Council further decided that a circular be issued to all the D.M.Es., Universities and Medical Colleges/Institutions that the list of such defaulting teachers has been published on the website of the Council. it was further decided that this decision would be applicable mutatis mutandis to all the teachers who have been found employed more than one medical college for the academic year 2003-04 and whose case has not been finalized as yet due to non-appearance or any other reason.
Apparently, the medical colleges and the medical teachers were indulging in such activities only to show to the inspection team of the Council that the colleges concerned are fulfilling the minimum requirement for the teaching staff for seeking permissions/renewals under Section 10A of the Act.
The Council, therefore, to curb such unscrupulous tendencies, started adopting methods in this regard. Declaration forms were introduced to be signed by the doctors claiming employment as medical teachers in any given medical college and that they also remain present along with their declaration forms, at the time of the conduct of the inspection of that college.
Subsequently, a provision for endorsement by the Dean/Principal of the medical college was also introduced in the declaration forms to make this requirement more efficient and effective by stating that in the event of any declaration made by a particular medical teacher turns out to be untrue and incorrect, the Dean/Principal of the college putting signatures as endorsement of the truthfulness of the statement made in the declaration would also be held responsible in that event.
Needless to state that the Council has always tried to improve in this regard for ensuring that such misdeclarations / misstatements are completely eliminated or minimized to the extent possible with the clear perception that the Council should take appropriate action against such erring doctors whenever it is found that the particular doctor has furnished more than one declaration forms towards claiming teaching employment in any medical college when such a doctor has already furnished similar declaration for claiming employment as medical teacher in certain other medical colleges at the same point of time.
This problem has engaged attention of the Council continuously during the last 1-2 years. The cases have also been considered by the Ethics Committee of the Council. Whenever it has been found that a particular doctor is claiming employment as medical teacher at the same point of time in more than one medical colleges, show cause notices had been issued seeking their replies. They were given due opportunities to present their explanation before the Ethics Committee.
At its meeting held on 12.10.2004, before the General Body, cases of such misdeclarations and misstatement by the medical teachers have been placed for consideration. The Ethics Committee of the Council, after granting opportunity of being heard to all of these doctors, has recommended imposition of punishment of removal of their names from the Indian Medical Register maintained by the Council.
This issue was considered by the General Body of the Council with all required seriousness. Undoubtedly, such kind of misconduct is much more serious than the alleged negligence in cases of treating the patients by doctors. Such misdeclarations/ misstatements are made to cause deception not only to the Council but also on the Central Govt. for extracting permissions/renewals under Section 10A of the Act.
The worst part is that ultimately it is those innocent students who get admissions in such medical colleges where the minimum required medical teachers are shown only in such a dubious manner, causes irreparable prejudice to the fair interests of those students and further also to the patients who may be treated by such half-baked students who would not get their exposure and training with the minimum required number of medical teachers available to them.
The General Body was clearly of the view that such a tendency has to be completely eliminated and not only curbed. The situation does not brook any lenience in this regard and deserves to be dealt with a heavy hand. No doctor should ever be allowed to make such false declaration and get away with it. Timely efficient action in this regard is the need of the hour. It should also act as an effective deterrent so that others who are getting tempted to indulge into such activities should feel reluctant to do so.
The Council, therefore, without any ambiguity unanimously decided as under:-
The names of the following teachers be erased temporarily upto 31st July, 2007.
He/She will not be eligible to be counted as a teacher at the inspections to be carried out by MCI for the academic years 2005-06 and 2006-07.
The names of all such teachers be published on the website and a circular be sent to all the Directors of Medical Education of all the States, all the Universities and all the Medical Colleges/Institutions.
It was further decided that in case of non-medical teachers who is not possessing a medical degree or a registration certificate, he/she will not be eligible to be counted as a teacher at the inspections to be carried out by MCI for the academic years 2005-06 and 2006-07.
The Council further decided that a circular be issued to all the D.M.Es., Universities and Medical Colleges/Institutions that the list of such defaulting teachers has been published on the website of the Council. it was further decided that this decision would be applicable mutatis mutandis to all the teachers who have been found employed more than one medical college for the academic year 2003-04 and whose case has not been finalized as yet due to non-appearance or any other reason.
Sr. No. | Name of the Doctor | Subject | Name of the State Medical Council where he / she is Registered with Registration No. |
| | Dr. K. Krishna Murthy | Physiology | Andhra Medical Council – 5608 |
| 2. | Dr. M. Panchela Reddy | Pathology | Andhra Medical Council – 13827 |
| | Dr. K. Kamla | General Medicine | Andhra Medical Council – 3714 |
| 4. | Dr. K. Rama Kumar | Biochemistry | Andhra Medical Council – 7673 |
| 5. | Dr. P. Hanumantha Rao | General Medicine | Andhra Medical Council – 43426 |
| 6. | Dr. S. Lakshmi Narasinha Reddy | Biochemistry | Andhra Medical Council – 3778 |
| 7. | Dr. K. Rajeshwari | OBG | Andhra Medical Council - 2713 |
| 8. | Dr. Venkateshwar Rao | General Surgery | Andhra Medical Council – 2620 |
| 9. | Dr. C. C. Mohan Reddy | Pathology | Andhra Medical Council - 5046 |
| 10. | Dr. Kamlesh Sundereshwaran | Anatomy | Tamil Nadu Medical Council – 17822 |
| 11. | Dr. S. Laxshmi | Forensic Medicine | Tamil Nadu Medical Council – 47745 |
| 12. | Dr. L. Surya Kumari | Biochemistry | Tamil Nadu Medical Council – 16855 |
| 13. | Dr. N. Sachidanandan | Physiology | Tamil Nadu Medical Council – 29253 |
| 14. | Dr. S.Kantha | Pathology | Tamil Nadu Medical Council – 18839 |
| 15. | Dr. Usha Kothandavaman | Anatomy | Tamil Nadu Medical Council – 38339 |
| | Dr. M.N. Shahul Hameed | Anatomy | Tamil Nadu Medical Council – 57663 |
| 17. | Dr. T. Rajan | Anatomy | Tamil Nadu Medical Council – 58044 |
| 18. | Dr. R.Daivasiganani | Forensic Medicine | Tamil Nadu Medical Council – 30678 |
| 19. | Dr. Satyakam Jena | Forensic Medicine | Orissa Medical Council – 12594 |
| 20. | Dr. Nirajan Tripathy | Anatomy | Orissa Medical Council - 3194 |
| | Dr. Vilasini Sundaresan | Anatomy | Travancore Medical Council – 5489 |
| | Dr. N. Sundaresan | Pathology | Travancore Medical Council – 4867 |
| 23. | Dr. K. Thankam | Community Medicine | Travancore Medical Council – 6311 |
| 24. | Dr. P. Suman Setty | Pathology | Karnataka Medical Council – 41951 |
| | Dr. Umamaheshwara Rao Kaveti | Pharmacology | Karnataka Medical Council – 42441 |
SD/
(Lt. Col.(Dr.) A R N Setalvad (Retd.))
Secretary
(Lt. Col.(Dr.) A R N Setalvad (Retd.))
Secretary
Thursday, November 9, 2006
How Rasputin treated Tsarevich Alexei's Hemophilia
The background information
Now coming to one interesting theory
The medical treatment which was halted due to Rasputin's intervention included aspirin, then a newly-available (1910) "wonder drug" for treatment of pain. Because the poor (poor in terms of life and not money) boy had joint pain, some doctor would have given aspirin. Since aspirin is an anticoagulant (the anticoagulant property was only discovered in 1971), this would have increased the bleeing into joints which was causing Alexei's joint swelling and pain. So Aspirin was infact increasing the pain (by causing more hemorrhage into the joints) rather than decreasing it. When Aspirin was stopped, the boy became better
Tsesarevich Alexei Nikolaevich Romanov was Tsesarevich - the heir apparent - of Russia, being the youngest child and the only son of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and Alexandra Fyodorovna.
Alexei is presumed to have died on July 17, 1918, but as his body has never been found this is impossible to definitively confirm.
He inherited haemophilia from his mother Alexandra, a condition which could be traced back to her maternal grandmother Queen Victoria. His haemophilia led to controversy, on the grounds that it was believed that his mother was having an affair with the Russian starets, Grigori Rasputin. Rasputin claimed to be able to 'heal' Alexei when he was on the brink of death after spells of haemophilia-related complications.
Rasputin was wandering as a pilgrim in Siberia when he heard reports of Tsarevich Alexei's haemophilia in 1904. The disease had been inherited from his great-grandmother (Queen Victoria). When the young Tsarevich got a bruise after he fell off of a horse, he suffered from internal bleeding for days while vacationing with his family. The Tsaritsa, looking everywhere for help, asked her best friend Anna Vyrubova to secure the help of the charismatic peasant healer in 1905. He was said to possess the ability to heal through prayer, and he was indeed able to give the boy some relief. Skeptics have claimed that he did so by hypnosis, though during a particularly grave crisis, Rasputin, from his home in Siberia, was believed to have eased the suffering of the tsarevich (in Saint Petersburg) through prayer. His practical advice, such as "Don't let the doctors bother him too much, let him rest," may also have been of great assistance in allowing Alexei and his worried mother to relax, so that the child's own natural healing process might take place. Others believe he used leeches to stop the boy's bleeding for the moment; however, this is unlikely to have been successful, as leech saliva contains hirudin and other natural anticoagulants. Every time the boy had an injury causing internal or external bleeding, the Tsaritsa contacted Rasputin, whereupon the Tsarevich subsequently got better, and this made it seem as if Rasputin was effectively healing him.
Now coming to one interesting theory
The medical treatment which was halted due to Rasputin's intervention included aspirin, then a newly-available (1910) "wonder drug" for treatment of pain. Because the poor (poor in terms of life and not money) boy had joint pain, some doctor would have given aspirin. Since aspirin is an anticoagulant (the anticoagulant property was only discovered in 1971), this would have increased the bleeing into joints which was causing Alexei's joint swelling and pain. So Aspirin was infact increasing the pain (by causing more hemorrhage into the joints) rather than decreasing it. When Aspirin was stopped, the boy became better
Monday, November 6, 2006
Chikungunya declared a `notifiable disease'
Hospitals and laboratories must report new cases
From http://www.hindu.com/2006/11/06/stories/2006110613020600.htm
Decision hailed
From http://www.hindu.com/2006/11/06/stories/2006110613020600.htm
MADURAI: The State Government has declared Chikungunya a `notifiable disease' under the Tamil Nadu Public Health Act, 1939.
"This is a milestone in the Chikungunya control programme," S. Elango, Joint Director of Public Health, told The Hindu here on Sunday. A Government Order issued on October 26 under Section 52 listed chikungunya along with other notifiable diseases such as dengue, cholera, malaria, typhoid, chickenpox and HIV/AIDS, said Dr. Elango who was here to attend a Continuing Medical Education Programme said.
The Act makes it mandatory for all private hospitals and laboratories to report chikungunya cases to the Health department.
Action could be initiated if the institutions failed to report to the Government, he added.
The notification would help the Directorate of Public Health to get enough data on the incidence of the vector-borne disease and enable the Government to take early preventive measures, he said.
"This is a milestone in the Chikungunya control programme," S. Elango, Joint Director of Public Health, told The Hindu here on Sunday. A Government Order issued on October 26 under Section 52 listed chikungunya along with other notifiable diseases such as dengue, cholera, malaria, typhoid, chickenpox and HIV/AIDS, said Dr. Elango who was here to attend a Continuing Medical Education Programme said.
The Act makes it mandatory for all private hospitals and laboratories to report chikungunya cases to the Health department.
Action could be initiated if the institutions failed to report to the Government, he added.
The notification would help the Directorate of Public Health to get enough data on the incidence of the vector-borne disease and enable the Government to take early preventive measures, he said.
Decision hailed
According to Dr. Elango, the Government decision was hailed at the national level and experts involved in the national vector-borne diseases control programme urged other States to follow the Tamil Nadu model.
Sunday, November 5, 2006
How Indicators Work
The inspiration of this post is http://vivekspace.wordpress.com/2006/09/28/iits-in-news/
So what is the powder that is applied in the notes and is the other chemical
If the initial powder is an acid, the indicator would be
Thymol Blue (which is actually red in Acid and Yellow in Base)
Methyl Orange
Methyl Red
If it (the powder on the note) is a base, the indicator would have been phenophthalein
Or the powder can be an indicator and the second chemical acid / base.
When I was in school, our Chemistry teacher told us a story about the phrase “caught red-handed”. He said that the police actually puts a chemical (some sort of mild acid in powdered form) on the currency notes which are handed over in an anti-corruption operation. Clearly, the term “sting operation” hadn’t caught on in those days. Later, when they wash the hands of the culprit with a chemical they turn red.
So what is the powder that is applied in the notes and is the other chemical
If the initial powder is an acid, the indicator would be
Thymol Blue (which is actually red in Acid and Yellow in Base)
Methyl Orange
Methyl Red
If it (the powder on the note) is a base, the indicator would have been phenophthalein
Or the powder can be an indicator and the second chemical acid / base.
Table of Indicators
| Common Name | pH Range transition change | Color in Acid | Color in Base |
| Picric Acid | 0.1 to 0.8 | Colorless | Yellow |
| Thymol Blue | 1.2 to 2.8 | Red | Yellow |
| Congo Red | 3.0 tp 5.0 | Blue | Red |
| Methyl | 3.1 to 4.4 | Red | Yellow |
| Methyl Red | 4.2 to 6.3 | Red | Yellow |
| Neutral Red | 6.8 to 8.0 | Red | Yellowish |
| Phenolphthalein | 8.0 to 9.6 | Colorless | Pink |
| Alizarin Yellow | 10.1 to 12.0 | Colorless | Violet |
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